段02｜四個世界與三次毀滅

霍皮族預言

原文／記載（公海，保留）

維基百科〈Hopi mythology〉引述 Barry Pritzker 講述：

According to Hopi legend, when time and space began, the sun spirit (Tawa) created the First World, in which insectlike creatures lived unhappily in caves. With the goal of improvement, Tawa sent a spirit called Spider Grandmother to the world below. Spider Grandmother led the first creatures on a long trip to the Second World, in which they took on the appearance of wolves and bears. As these animals were no happier than the previous ones, however, Tawa created a new, Third World, and again sent Spider Grandmother to convey the wolves and bears there. By the time they arrived, they had become people. Spider Grandmother taught them weaving and pottery, and a hummingbird brought them a fire drill.

（翻譯：按傳說，時間同空間開始時，太陽之靈塔瓦造咗第一世界，入面住住啲好似昆蟲咁嘅生物，喺洞穴入面生活得唔開心。為咗改善，塔瓦派蜘蛛祖母落去帶佢哋去第二世界，去到之後變成咗狼同熊。但呢啲動物都一樣唔開心，於是塔瓦又造第三世界，再派蜘蛛祖母帶佢哋過去，去到嗰陣佢哋已經變成咗人。蜘蛛祖母教佢哋織布同整陶瓷，一隻蜂鳥仲帶嚟咗火鑽。）

維基百科〈Blue Star Kachina〉記載：

The first three of these worlds, Tokpela, Tokpa and Kuskurza, have already been inhabited and subsequently destroyed due to the corruption and wickedness of man. Each time one of the worlds is destroyed, the faithful Hopi are taken underground and saved from destruction to later emerge and populate the next world. According to Waters' books, which were written in the 1960s, Hopis believe that humanity is currently residing in the fourth world, Túwaqachi.

（翻譯：頭三個世界分別叫 Tokpela、Tokpa 同 Kuskurza，都已經有人住過，之後因為人類嘅腐敗同邪惡而被毀滅。每次一個世界被毀，忠心嘅霍皮人就會被帶去地下，避過毀滅，之後再浮現出嚟開枝散葉，佔據下一個世界。按 Waters 喺六十年代寫嘅書，霍皮人相信人類而家身處第四世界 Túwaqachi，同之前嘅世界一樣，佢亦都預言會因為人類嘅腐敗而被毀滅。）

白話解說

呢個係霍皮預言嘅核心框架：世界唔止一個，而且會「輪住嚟」——好一次，墮落一次，毀滅一次，再重生。

第一世界：昆蟲時代。 最初啲生物好似昆蟲，住喺洞穴好唔開心。

第二世界：獸類時代。 蜘蛛祖母帶佢哋上嚟，變成咗狼同熊，但一樣唔開心。

第三世界：變成做人。 蜘蛛祖母再帶佢哋上嚟，今次變成人，仲學識織布、整陶器、用火。到咗呢度，人類開始有文明。

三個世界名堂。 學者 Frank Waters 喺書入面畀咗名：頭三個世界叫 Tokpela、Tokpa、Kuskurza。佢哋都唔係「永遠」——每個都係因為人類腐敗邪惡而俾天收（據講Tokpela係俾火、或者世間失衡毀滅，Tokpa係俾冰、Kuskurza係俾水／洪水毀滅，各版本講法唔同）。每次毀滅，忠心嘅人就會俾人帶去地下／避難所，避過一劫，之後再「浮現」出嚟開創下一個世界。

而家係第四世界。 霍皮人相信而家呢個就係第四世界 Túwaqachi，同樣預言會因為人類墮落而被毀。所以「第五世界來臨」嘅預言，就係建基喺呢個循環——歷史唔係直線，而係一圈圈咁轉，人類一次又一次有機會重新嚟過。

呢個框架有咩用？ 佢解釋咗點解霍皮預言咁強調「道德」同「守得住正道」。因為喺佢哋睇嚟，世界嘅存亡唔係睇軍事或者科技，而係睇人類有冇偏離正道。邊個守得住，就係下一輪世界嘅種子；邊個墮落，就跟舊世界一齊玩完。呢個正正係成組預言嘅道德主軸。

資料來源

• 維基百科〈Hopi mythology〉（Four Worlds 一節）
• 維基百科〈Blue Star Kachina〉（Overview 一節）
• Frank Waters, The Book of the Hopi（1963）