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段03|通往第四世界——西帕普(sipapu)與大洪水

本文為資料整理,無音頻旁白

霍皮族預言

原文/記載(公海,保留)

維基百科〈Hopi mythology〉記載:

Two main versions exist as to the Hopis' emergence into the present Fourth World. In one version, after evil broke out amongst the people in the Third World, with the help of Spider Grandmother, or bird spirits, a hollow bamboo reed grew at the opening of the Third World into the Fourth World. This opening, sipapu, is traditionally viewed to be the Grand Canyon.

The other version (mainly told in Oraibi) has it that Tawa destroyed the Third World in a great flood. Before the destruction, Spider Grandmother sealed the more righteous people into hollow reeds which were used as boats. ... the people sailed east until they arrived on the mountainous coasts of the Fourth World.

(翻譯:霍皮人浮現入而家呢個第四世界,主要有兩個版本。第一個版本話,第三世界人開始作惡之後,喺蜘蛛祖母或者鳥靈幫助下,一支空心竹晌第三世界嘅開口長上去第四世界。呢個開口叫西帕普(sipapu),傳統上被視為大峽谷。第二個版本(主要喺奧拉伊比 Oraibi 傳)話,塔瓦用大洪水毀滅咗第三世界,毀滅前蜘蛛祖母將正直嘅人封入空心蘆葦當船用,佢哋一路向東航行,直到抵達第四世界多山嘅海岸。)

同一條目又提到遷徙:

Upon their arrival in the Fourth World, the Hopis divided and went on a series of great migrations throughout the land. Sometimes they would stop and build a town, then abandon it to continue on with the migration. ... Eventually, the Hopi clans finished their prescribed migrations and were led to their current location in northeastern Arizona.

Most Hopi traditions have it that they were given their land by Masauwu, the Spirit of Death and Master of the Fourth World.

(翻譯:一到達第四世界,霍皮人分開咗,展開一連串橫跨大地嘅大遷徙。佢哋有時停低起一座鎮,然後放棄佢繼續行,沿途喺岩石留低自己嘅符號。最後各氏族完成指定嘅遷徙,被帶去亞利桑那州東北部而家嘅位置。大部分霍皮傳說都話,塊地係由死神兼第四世界之主馬薩烏(Masauwu)畀佢哋嘅。)

白話解說

點樣由第三世界「升呢」到第四世界? 唔同地方有唔同講法,維基百科記載咗兩大版本:

版本一:空心竹上大峽谷(西帕普)。 第三世界開始衰敗之後,蜘蛛祖母或者雀鳥幫手,一支空心竹由第三世界嘅出口一路生上去第四世界。呢個出入口叫「西帕普」(sipapu),傳統認為就係美國嘅大峽谷(Grand Canyon)。「心地好」嘅人先可以上到嚟。而家考古學家喺原住民遺址度搵到嗰啲由地底「浮現」出嚟嘅洞(sipapu),就係象徵呢個傳說。呢個版本以沃爾皮(Walpi)為中心,比較普遍。

版本二:大洪水坐蘆葦船。 主要喺最古老村落奧拉伊比(Oraibi)傳。講塔瓦用大洪水毀滅第三世界,蜘蛛祖母喺水浸之前將正直嘅人封入空心蘆葦做船,佢哋沿住島仔做「踏腳石」一路向東航行,最終抵達第四世界嘅海岸。學者 Courlander 指出,霍皮族有個「水部族」(Patkinyamu),個名直譯就係「住喺水上」或者「船屋」,似乎呼應呢個洪水漂洋嘅傳說。

上到嚟之後做咩?遷徙。 第四世界唔係一個舒服嘅終點,而係考驗嘅開始。霍皮人分成氏族,展開漫長遷徙,邊行邊起城又邊放棄,沿途喺岩石留低符號證明「霍皮人到過呢度」。最後各氏族完成指定路線,定居喺亞利桑那州東北部——而家叫「四角地帶」嘅地方。

塊地邊個畀?死神馬薩烏。 大部分傳說話,塊地係由第四世界之主、死神兼火之看守人馬薩烏(Masauwu)畀霍皮人嘅,條件係佢哋要跟住佢嘅生活方式,做呢塊地嘅守護者。馬薩烏形象亦多變,一時係戴住猙獰面具、一時又係面具底下俊俏嘅人。

點解要講呢啲故仔? 因為「遷徙」「浮現」「守護土地」呢啲概念,係理解後嚟預言嘅關鍵。霍皮人覺得自己唔係「佔有」呢塊地,而係「受託代管」,等造物主日後返嚟攞返。呢種「受託」心態,直接影響到佢哋點樣睇白人嚟搶地、點樣睇「第五世界」同「白兄弟回歸」。

資料來源

  • 維基百科〈Hopi mythology〉(Entrance into the Fourth World、Migrations 兩節)
  • Harold Courlander, The Fourth World of the Hopis(引述於維基條目)

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